Journal of AdvancedMedical and Dental Sciences Research

Background: A transfusion-transmitted infection (TTI) arises from a virus, parasite, or another pathogen and can be conveyed to a recipient through the transfusion of contaminated donated blood. TTIs primarily encompass Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, Syphilis, and Malaria. Blood transfusion plays a pivotal role in treating numerous diseases. A significant worry is the asymptomatic phase during which the infection may be transmitted to the recipient. To mitigate this risk, criteria for deferring donors have been established and put into practice. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study took place in the Blood Bank, Department of Pathology, spanning one year. Results: Throughout this duration, a total of 1443 blood units underwent screening. The seroprevalence rates for HIV, HBV, HCV, and Syphilis were found to be 0.12%, 1.69%, 2.12%, and 0.71%, respectively. No donors tested positive for Malaria, resulting in a seroprevalence of nil for this infection. The majority of donors were males, with a male-to-female ratio of 62.6:1, and most fell within the 2nd and 3rd decades of life. While the seroprevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTI) was higher in replacement donors compared to voluntary donors, this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: It is crucial to screen blood products to reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTI). Additionally, promoting voluntary blood donation and discouraging professional blood donation can be beneficial in further minimizing these risks.