Journal of AdvancedMedical and Dental Sciences Research

Background: Cervical cancer is a prevalent malignancy, particularly affecting women in developing countries. In India, the incidence of cervical cancer is alarmingly high, with one in five women being diagnosed with this condition. The burden of cervical cancer in India is among the heaviest globally. The primary aims and objectives of this study are to investigate the findings from Papanicolaou (PAP) smear examinations and to make comparisons across different age groups. This research aims to provide insights into the prevalence and characteristics of cervical abnormalities, helping to inform and improve healthcare interventions for women in various age categories. Methods: A study involving 200 women aged 20 years and older who had a history of amenorrhea was conducted. Slides were prepared and stained using the modified Papanicolaou staining method. The smears were carefully examined to assess various components, including epithelial cells, red blood cells, white blood cells, bacteria, trichomonas, monilial hyphae, mucus, and neoplasm. The study also involved examining the histology and cytology of the cervix, focusing on the epithelial lining, original stratified squamous epithelium, metaplastic squamous epithelium, and cervical stroma. Additionally, the presence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was evaluated. Results: In this study, the majority of participants (80%) presented with gynecological complaints, reflecting the significant prevalence of women seeking medical attention for such issues. Out of the 200 cases examined, the results revealed a range of cervical conditions: 66 cases were reported as normal, while 112 cases were identified as having inflammatory changes. A single case was noted as metaplastic, and 6 cases were diagnosed with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) - 1. There was one case classified as CIN - II, six cases as CIN - III, and a concerning six cases that tested positive for malignancy. The highest incidence of dysplasia was notably observed among women in the age group of 31-40 years. These findings underscore the importance of regular cervical screenings and early detection, especially within this age range, for timely intervention and improved outcomes. Conclusion: The incidence of dysplasia was found to be highest in the young working-age group. This observation highlights the importance of regular screening, especially for women in their prime years. The Pap smear test emerges as the most effective cervical cancer screening method, given its moderate cost, simplicity, and wide accessibility to patients. Regular Pap smear testing plays a critical role in early detection and effective prevention of cervical abnormalities and potential malignancies, particularly among individuals in their productive years.