Journal of AdvancedMedical and Dental Sciences Research

Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare the intraocular pressure in diabetes mellitus and non diabetic’s individuals. Methods:This prospective observational study was done in the Department of Ophthalmology, all the Patients having diabetes mellitus on treatment and Non diabetic individuals was included in this study. Two groups were formed which includes Group A constituting diabetes mellitus patients and Group B constitutes Non diabetic individuals. Detailed history of diabetes mellitus patient was taken regarding duration of diabetes, treatment, fasting, post prandial blood sugar levels and HbA1c was recorded. Intra ocular pressure was compared between Group A and Group B, to correlate intra ocular pressure in relation to duration of diabetes mellitus and different stages of diabetic retinopathy. Results:180 patients were included in our study. 77 patients had Type 2 diabetes mellitus (all were non insulin dependent) and 13 patients had Type 1 diabetes mellitus and 90 patients were Non-diabetics subjects. Mean age of non diabetics was 50.2±10.3 years and that of diabetics 54.23±10.03 years (p valve 0.29) statistically not significant. Mean age of male subjects was 56.78±10.7 years and that of female was 55.22±10.23 years in diabetic group which was no statistically significant (p value0.35). Mean intra-ocular pressure higher (18.88±3.02mmHg) in diabetic patients as compared with (15.69±3.11mmHg) in non-diabetic, p value < 0.0001 which is statistically significant. Mean intra ocular pressure was (18.98±2.36mmHg) in diabetic patients with duration greater than 10 years as compared with (18.78±3.03mmHg) in diabetic patients with duration less than 10 years, p value > 0.05 which is not significant. Mean intra-ocular pressure (19.36±2.45 mmHg) higher in diabetic patients with HbA1c value >6.5% as compared (18.69±20.7 mmHg) with diabetic patients with HbA1c value <6.5%, p value < 0.0005 which is statistically significant. Conclusion:We concluded that diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for raised IOP. Tight glycemic control prevents the rise in IOP. Patients with poor glycemic control were found to be more prone to raised IOP. Diabetic patients should be regularly screened for IOP so that burden ocular morbidity due to glaucoma can be reduced.