Journal of AdvancedMedical and Dental Sciences Research

Aim: Investigation of hematological illnesses identified by bone marrow analysis in a tertiary care hospital. Material and methods: It was a prospective study performed at the Department of Pathology. 100 patients were selected for this study based on the following inclusion criteria- age ≥ 2 years and ≤ 80 years. A detailed clinical history, general and systemic examination were performed. Every case was investigated with complete blood count, peripheral blood smear with haemotological parameters like bleeding time (BT), clotting time (CT), reticulocyte count prior to bone marrow examination. A written informed consent was taken from all cases. Bone marrow aspiration was done using bone marrow aspiration needle under all aseptic precautions after giving local anaesthesia by 2% lidocaine hydrochloride. Results: On bone marrow examination, hematological malignancies were found in 32(32%) cases, non-malignant haematological disorders were found in 55(55%) cases and normal marrow were in 13 cases (13%). Acute leukaemia (ALL, AML) were the most common malignant conditions, 14(14%) & 11(11%) respectively. The next common malignancies in this study were Chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) (4%) followed by myelodysplastic syndrome (3%) and Plasma cell dyscarsia (PCD) (2%). In present study out of 55 cases of non-malignant haematological disorders, maximum numer of cases were of nutritional anemia, outof which 14 patients had Dual Deficiency Anemia (DDA), 13 cases had Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), and 10 Megaloblastic anemia. Aplastic anemia in 14% cases and HLH in 4% cases. Conclusion: The evaluation of bone marrow is crucial in the diagnosis of many hematologic diseases. The current investigation revealed that nonmalignant hematological disorders were more prevalent than hematologic malignancies throughout the spectrum of these diseases. Within the category of nonmalignant hematologic illnesses, the prevailing condition was Aplastic anemia and mixed nutritional deficiency anemia, which was then followed by Iron deficiency anemia, normal marrow, and megaloblastic anemia. Acute leukemias were more prevalent than chronic leukemias, with multiple myeloma being the next most frequent hematological malignancy.