Journal of AdvancedMedical and Dental Sciences Research

Background:Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) stands out as the prevailing endocrine disorder among women within the reproductive age bracket. It encompasses persistent anovulation, irregular menstrual patterns, hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries, and metabolic syndrome. The primary objectives of this study are to explore the clinical, biochemical, and hormonal profiles in individuals with PCOS and establish correlations with those of normal counterparts.Methods:A forward-looking case-control investigation involving 400 women aged 20-30 years is underway. The study comprises 200 participants diagnosed with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) and an equal number of individuals forming the control group.Results:Ninety-two percent of individuals with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) exhibited menstrual irregularities, with oligomenorrhea being the predominant presentation. Infertility was observed in 52% of cases, while 53% showed signs of hirsutism. In comparison to the control group, individuals with PCOS demonstrated statistically significant differences in mean BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, mean LH levels, LH:FSH ratio, total testosterone, fasting insulin, and total cholesterol (P value < 0.001).Specifically, the mean LH in PCOS was 15.44, higher than the control group's mean of 9.92. The mean LH:FSH ratio in PCOS was 2.86, compared to 1.71 in the control group, with an elevation noted in 67% of PCOS cases. These findings highlight distinctive hormonal and metabolic profiles in PCOS subjects compared to the control group.Conclusion:The majority of individuals with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) exhibited features such as oligomenorrhea, hirsutism, elevated BMI, and an increased waist-hip ratio. Notably, PCOS cases demonstrated statistically significant elevations in mean LH, LH:FSH ratio, testosterone levels, and fasting insulin levels compared to the control group. These findings underscore the association of PCOS with hormonal imbalances, metabolic factors, and specific clinical presentations.