Journal of AdvancedMedical and Dental Sciences Research

Background:Osteoarthritis (OA) is a gradually advancing and degenerative condition characterized by joint discomfort, tenderness, stiffness, locking, fluid buildup, diminished range of motion, swelling, crepitus, and impairment. The predominant clinical aspect of OA is the pain, which significantly influences functionality, mobility, overall quality of life, and often prompts individuals to seek medical guidance.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in a hospital setting, focusing on patients with primary knee osteoarthritis. A total of 100 individuals, aged between 45 and 90 years, were randomly selected for the research, comprising 52 females and 48 males. The diagnosis of osteoarthritis was established using the American College of Rheumatology's Diagnostic criteria, while the severity of pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale. The Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) radiographic assessment method was employed to grade knee osteoarthritis. The levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the synovial fluid of all 100 individuals were determined using the Thiobarbituric acid technique. The study aimed to explore the relationship between the severity of knee osteoarthritis, oxidative stress markers, and synovial fluid MDA levels, investigating the potential link between oxidative stress-induced damage and the development of the disease.Results:The MDA values in synovial fluid for knee osteoarthritis grades 1, 2, 3, and 4 were recorded as 3.9±0.4, 4.3±0.5, 5.4±0.2, and 5.96±0.2, respectively. There was a statistically significant increase in MDA mean levels in synovial fluid with the progression of knee osteoarthritis severity, as determined by the Kellgren-Lawrence grading (p < 0.001).Conclusion:There was a positive association between Kellgren-Lawrence grading and synovial MDA levels. In patients with osteoarthritis, there was a notable elevation in free radical-induced lipid peroxidation, as indicated by the concentration of synovial fluid MDA, and this elevation correlated with the severity of osteoarthritis. These findings suggest the significance of oxidative stress in the etiopathogenesis of osteoarthritis, and imply that synovial MDA may serve as a potential biomarker for assessing the severity of the condition.