Journal of AdvancedMedical and Dental Sciences Research

Background: Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, is a frequent occurrence during pregnancy. This symptom may arise from the natural physiological changes happening in the body during gestation or may be attributed to pre-existing or newly developed cardiac or respiratory issues during both pregnancy and the postpartum period. It's crucial to identify the underlying cause of dyspnea in a pregnant woman and initiate appropriate treatment to ensure a positive outcome for both the mother and the baby. Methods: This one-year study focused on women with dyspnea during pregnancy and postpartum, specifically those admitted to critical care. It included comprehensive medical history and physical exams, analyzing primary outcomes like dyspnea incidence and secondary outcomes such as timing of presentation, causes, obstetric complications, delivery mode, ICU/HDU admission, hospital stay, mortality, causes of death, and fetal outcomes. The data, recorded on a proforma, underwent thorough analysis to provide insights into dyspnea's impact on maternal and fetal health in critical care settings. Results: Dyspnea occurred in 2.5% of all obstetric admissions, with an average age of 25.2 years. Among cases, 45% appeared during the antepartum period, predominantly in the third trimester, while 55% presented postpartum, with all instances emerging within the first week after delivery. The majority experienced grade 2 dyspnea (59%), followed by grade 3 (29%).. Of the cases, 74% underwent delivery, with 74% opting for a caesarean section and 26% choosing vaginal delivery. The average hospital stay duration was 11.4 days. The leading causes of dyspnea were severe anemia (27%), severe preeclampsia (22.5%), and CoVID-19 (20%). Unfortunately, 5% of admitted women succumbed to pulmonary edema and ARDS. Additionally, 20% of newborns required NICU admission, with a mortality rate of 1.4%. Conclusion: Not all instances of dyspnea in pregnant women should be considered normal. It's crucial to pinpoint the cause and address it appropriately to ensure a positive outcome for both the mother and baby. Many cases stem from easily treatable and preventable factors, underscoring the importance of timely identification and intervention. This proactive approach can significantly contribute to a favorable prognosis.