Journal of AdvancedMedical and Dental Sciences Research

Aims & Objectives: To analyze the clinical findings and haematological profile of Multiple Myeloma patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted over a period of three years from January 2015 to December 2018 in the Dept. of Pathology ,Government Medical College Jammu. Detailed information available for 52 patients with Multiple Myeloma was enrolled in this study that included detailed history ,age, gender, general physical and systemic examination . All relevant blood and radiological investigations including peripheral smears ,bone marrow aspiration and biopsies were recorded. Diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma was done using WHO criteria. Results: 52 patients were diagnosed with Multiple Myeloma and comprised 20% of all Hematological malignancies. Out of these 36 (69%) were males and 16(31%) were females. Male to Female ratio was 2:1. Age ranged between 45 yrs. to 80 yrs. Mean age was 58.20 years. The commonest presenting complaint included fatigue in 40 (76%)patients ,backache 38(73%) and bone pains in 36 patients(69%). Commonest clinical findings were anemia, osteolytic lesions and renal insufficiency. M band was seen in 86% of serum protein electrophoresis. Anemia with Hb. Less than 10 gm /dl was detected in 33(63%) cases. Thrombocytopenia( platelet count less than 1lac) was detected in 12(23%),while severe thrombocytopenia was seen in 3 patients. Hypercalcemia was seen in 20 patients. Radiological survey showed different levels of skeletal involvement in 41 (78%).patients. On bone marrow examination majority of the patients had (54%) plasmablastic morphology while 40% patients showed plasmacytic features. On bone marrow biopsy 64% patients showed diffuse pattern of infiltration. Conclusions: Multiple Myeloma is a disease with variable clinical presentation and multiple system involvement .It is a disease of middle age and elderly with male predominance. The clinical presentation varies from fatigability and bone pain being the most common complaints. Morphologically plasmablastic morphology predominated on bone marrow aspiration while diffuse pattern of infiltration was observed on bone marrow biopsy. Thus multiple myeloma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in workup of patients with anemia /bone pain who are around middle age and above. We acknowledge limitations of our study including its retrospective nature and relatively small sample size. Another limitation was the unavailability of data concerning the stage of disease Key words: Multiple myeloma, plasmablastic, osteolytic.