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Volume 7 Issue 12 (December, 2019)

Original Articles

Salivary Amylase as a Biomarker in Health and Periodontal Diseases
Rohi Rashid

Background: Saliva is an accessible biofluid that contains components derived from the mucosal surfaces, gingival crevices, and tooth surfaces of the mouth. Research on the composition of the saliva and the presence of periodontal and other disease markers became intensive again thanks to the development of laboratory nanotechnologies that pushed detection limits of various metabolites, signal molecules, hormones, and other substances by several orders of magnitude. Traditional clinical measurements, such as probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and clinical attachment loss, which are used for periodontal diagnosis, are often of only limited usefulness because they are indicators of previous periodontal disease rather than present disease activity. Aim of the study: To study on salivary amylase as a biomarker in health and periodontal diseases. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Periodontics of the Dental Institutions. A written informed consent was obtained from the patients explaining them the protocol and procedure of the study before starting the study. A total of 30 subjects were included in the study and were grouped into 3 groups of 10 subjects in each group. Group 1 consisted of individuals who are healthy and have no evidence of clinical inflammation, sulcular bleeding and clinical attachment loss. Group 2 consisted of individuals with presence of BOP, clinical inflammation but no evidence of clinical attachment loss, indicating tha the y have generalized chronic gingivitis. Group 3 included individuals with generalized chronic periodontitis confirmed by bone loss, clinical attachment loss > 3mm and PPD ≥ 5mm; and the amount of destruction consistent with local factors. At baseline, biochemical parameter was recorded in groups A, B and C. Thorough full mouth scaling was done in group B; and scaling and root planning was done in group C. Subjects were given careful instructions regarding self-performed oral hygiene measures. All the parameters again assessed in group B and C, after 6 weeks after the periodontal therapy. Results: We observed that mean SAA levels dropped significantly in group A, B and C after receiving SRP indicating that severity of periodontal and gingival disease are related to SAA levels. The results on comparing were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that SAA levels elevates with increasing of severity of the periodontal disease. After periodontal treatment, the level of SAA drops. Thus, SAA level can be used as a biomarker for gingival and periodontal diseases.

 
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