Journal of AdvancedMedical and Dental Sciences Research

Background: A hospital-acquired infection (HAI), also known as a nosocomial infection, is an infection that is acquired in a hospital or other health care facility. This study was done to evaluate the prevalence of nosocomial blood stream infections (BMI) among children admitted in the ward in a medical hospital. Materials and methods: The total study participants were 240 including 128 boys and 112 girls. Complete history of patients was taken along with the clinical examination. All samples representative of BSI were analyzed for microbiological spectrum. All the study subjects were examined  daily  to assess the treatment and to detect  any new infection. Patient’s body temperature was also monitored regularly. All the routine investigations such as complete blood picture, blood sugar level and urine analysis were also done. Result: Positive culture was found in 75 children. Of the positive cultures, 46 were Gram-negative bacilli (GNB), 23 were Gram-positive organisms, and 6 were Candida species. Lactose fermenting Enterobacteriaceae i.e., Escherichia coli (13), Klebsiella pneumoniae (7), and Enterobacter (4); Pseudomonas accounted for (15) and Acinetobacter (6) of GNB. Among Gram-positive isolates, staphylococci were the most frequent (11), followed by Streptococcus pneumonia  (6), beta-hemolytic streptococci (4), and enterococci (1). Conclusion: Nosocomial BSI happened dominatingly in exceptionally youthful or potentially basically sick youngsters. Gram-negative pathogens prevailed over all ages, and expanding antimicrobial resistance was seen in pediatric patients.
Keywords: Nosocomial infection; Bacterial strain, BSI.