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Volume 5 Issue 2 (February, 2017)

Original Articles

MAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA LEADING TO MAXILLOFACIAL INJURY PATTERN- A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Gaurav Singh, Parul Singh

Background: Bone fractures are one of the major public health problems which have high mortality and morbidity rate. Bone fractures leads to high impact on mental, social and physical health of individual. The present study was a retrospective study carried out to report the maxillofacial trauma leading to facial bone fractures. Materials & Methods:  This study was conducted in the department of maxillofacial surgery in the respective institutions from 2011 to 2015. Patients with history of fractures who reported to the department during 5 years were involved and records were obtained from the department. Results: Out of total 720 fractures reported, 255 involved maxillofacial region. The percentage was 35.4%. Off total 255 maxillofacial fractures, 65 were seen in maxilla, 93 in mandible, 85 in ZMC and 12 in naso-fronto-orbital-ethmoid-complex region. The difference was statistically non- significant (P- 0.2). Out of 255 fractures, 165 (65%) were seen in males and 90 (35%) in females. Fractures were seen in age range 0-10 years in males (5) and females (2), 11-20 years 0-10 years in males (34) and females (10), 21-30 years in males (45) and females (35), 31-40 years  in males (50) and females (27), 41-50 years in males (41) and females (50) and above 50 years in males (7) and females (6). The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In maxilla, following fractures such as lefort I (13), lefort II (27) and lefort II (25) was seen. In mandible, fractures were seen in symphysis (10), body (26), ramus (25), angle (18), coronoid process (2) and alveolar process (12). Zygomatic bone was involved in 35 cases and zygomatic arch in 50 cases. Naso- fronto-orbito-ethmoid complex was seen in 12 cases. The difference among various fractures was significant (P < 0.05). Other injuries were oral mucosa wound (32), facial wound (110), spinal injury (5), skull fracture (60), chest injury (8), brain injury (31) and limb injury (14). The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Among various etiologies, road traffic accidents seen in 65%, fall in 10%, sports injury in 125 and work place injury in 13%. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Maxillofacial trauma is becoming common nowadays. Urbanization and excessive vehicles on road are among common reasons. Various injuries such as oral mucosa wounds, facial wounds, brain injury, skull fracture, limb injury, chest injury and spinal injuries are commonly seen associated injuries in facial bone fractures.
Key words: Facial bone, Fracture, Maxillofacial trauma

 
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