Journal of AdvancedMedical and Dental Sciences Research

Vascular malformations encompass a spectrum of congenital anomalies affecting blood vessels, presenting challenges in management due to their diverse clinical manifestations and variable natural history. Sclerotherapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic modality, offering minimally invasive treatment options with favorable outcomes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of sclerotherapy in the management of vascular malformations. Beginning with an exploration of the classification and pathophysiology of vascular malformations, this review elucidates the principles underlying sclerotherapy. Various sclerosing agents, including polidocanol, sodium tetradecylsulfate, and ethanol, are discussed in detail, highlighting their mechanisms of action and comparative efficacy. The clinical applications of sclerotherapy across different types of vascular malformations, such as venous malformations, lymphatic malformations, arteriovenous malformations, and capillary malformations, are critically appraised. Special considerations, including patient selection criteria, imaging modalities for procedural planning, and procedural techniques, are outlined to optimize treatment outcomes and minimize complications. Furthermore, the review delves into the evolving role of adjunctive therapies, such as embolization and surgical resection, in conjunction with sclerotherapy to address complex vascular malformations. The importance of multidisciplinary collaboration among interventional radiologists, vascular surgeons, dermatologists, and other allied healthcare professionals is underscored for comprehensive patient care. Challenges and limitations associated with sclerotherapy, including recurrence rates, potential complications, and long-term outcomes, are meticulously evaluated. Additionally, the review discusses emerging technologies and innovative approaches, such as endovascular laser therapy and targeted drug delivery systems, which hold promise for further enhancing the efficacy and safety of sclerotherapy. In conclusion, sclerotherapy represents a valuable therapeutic option in the armamentarium for managing vascular malformations, offering benefits of improved aesthetics, symptom relief, and functional restoration. Continued research efforts are warranted to refine treatment protocols, optimize patient outcomes, and advance the field of vascular anomaly management