Journal of AdvancedMedical and Dental Sciences Research

Background:In the current global shift from communicable to noncommunicable and chronic genetic diseases, there is a noticeable increase in congenital malformations. These malformations rank as the fifth major cause of neonatal deaths in India. It's important to note that the prevalence may be underestimated, as existing data primarily stems from hospital-based studies. The advent and widespread adoption of prenatal ultrasound (USG) as a diagnostic tool in obstetrics have significantly improved the detection of fetal anomalies.The study's objectives are multifaceted. Firstly, it aims to estimate the prevalence and patterns of congenital malformations, exploring their distribution and associated risk factors. Additionally, the study seeks to compare various methods employed for terminating pregnancies in cases of fetal anomalies during both the first and second trimesters.Methods:The research described herein is a cross-sectional study carried out at a tertiary care hospital spanning a duration of four years.Results:Among 3,200 deliveries observed, a total of 50 cases involving major congenital anomalies were identified, resulting in a prevalence rate of 1.26%. Notably, central nervous system (CNS) anomalies were the most frequently recorded. The majority of these cases were detected during the second trimester of pregnancy. The primary method of termination employed was medical, utilizing a combination of Mifepristone and Misoprostol.Conclusion:In conclusion, the prevalence of congenital anomalies is found to be 1.26%. Among these anomalies, the central nervous system (CNS) is the most commonly affected, with anencephaly being the most frequently reported condition. The termination of pregnancy using a combination of Mifepristone and Misoprostol appears to yield the most favorable outcomes. It is noteworthy that the incidence of congenital anomalies could potentially be mitigated through heightened awareness, effective counseling, and vigilant surveillance measures.