Journal of AdvancedMedical and Dental Sciences Research

Cancer occurs when normal cells undergo a degenerative, dangerous, or what is called a malignant change or transformation causing them to grow abnormally and multiply without normal controls. Bladder cancer is any of several types of cancer arising from the epithelial lining (i.e., the urothelium) of the urinary bladder. Rarely the bladder is involved by non-epithelial cancers, such as lymphoma or sarcoma, but these are not ordinarily included in the colloquial term "bladder cancer." It is a disease in which abnormal cells multiply without control in the bladder. The most common type of bladder cancer recapitulates the normal histology of the urothelium and is known as transitional cell carcinoma or more properly urothelial cell carcinoma. Five-year survival rates in the United States are around 77%. The optimum management of bladder cancer in the elderly remains unknown. The literature to date indicates that aging may have an adverse role in the response to treatment of superficial disease, and that outcomes for cystectomy may be adversely affected as well. Although authors of numerous retrospective studies have suggested that aggressive treatment is safe, few have been able to demonstrate a clear survival advantage for the elderly patient. Furthermore, only two studies have assessed geriatric function, which could be as important as, or more important than, survival for some patients. The mechanisms behind the high risk of developing bladder cancer are only beginning to be explored at the basic science level. A research agenda that incorporates age-related changes in the bladder, as well as treatment outcomes based on measurable criteria of frailty, will begin to help shed light on this costly and lethal disease that is most commonly seen in the geriatric population.
Keywords: Bladder cancer, Symptoms, Treatment

Corresponding author: Dr. Jagdish Dave, Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery. Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhuj, Gujarat

This article may be cited as:  Dave J. Bladder Cancer- Review with emphasis on the Treatment. J Adv Med Dent Scie Res 2015;3(4):44-50.