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Volume 4 Issue 6 (November - December, 2016)

Original Articles

PREVALENCE OF HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA & CAUSATIVE FACTORS AMONG NEONATES- A CLINICAL STUDY
Ashvini Kumar, Shaksham Srivastava

Background: Hyperbilirubinemia is the most common in newborn. Jaundice is observed during the 1st week of life in approximately 60% of term infants and 80% of preterm infants. The present study was carried out to evaluate the causes and risk factors of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Materials & Methods: This study was conducted in Pediatric department in 2016. This consisted of 120 cases whose bilirubin was >10mg/dl out of 1610 babies was included. Detailed antenatal, natal and postnatal history was taken. Clinical examination of every baby was done and bilirubin estimation was done by transcutaneous bilirubinometry. If values found above normal limits serum bilirubin levels estimated, serum bilirubin estimation was done by Van den Bergh method.  All the necessary investigations such as Haemoglobin percentage, peripheral smear, reticulocyte count, Serum bilirubin (total, direct, indirect), blood grouping and Rh typing of baby and mother, Coomb’s test – direct and indirect, VDRL, TORCH titre and T3, T4 & TSH levels and chest X–ray was done. Results:  50 were male and 70 were female. The difference was non significant (P-0.1). Out of 120 cases, 58 were term babies and 62 were preterm babies. Of the preterm babies, 21 (male- 7, female- 14) were between 33 to 36 weeks gestational age and 24 (male- 8, female- 16) were between 31 to 32 weeks and 17 (male- 5, female- 12) were between 28 to 30 weeks. Weight of neonates were >3000 grams (13), 2501-3000 grams (30), 2000- 2500 (24), 1501- 2000 grams (15), 1001-1500 grams (36) and <1000 grams (2). The difference was significant (P <0.05). Among various causative factors for Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.  60 cases were due to physiological jaundice. 3 were due to neonatal hepatitis and 2 were due to galactosemia. 6 were due to birth injuries. 7 were due to Rh- haemolysis. 18 cases were due to ABO –hemolysis, of which 6 were preterm. 24 cases were due to septicemia, of which 19 were preterm, 3 had birth asphyxia and 8 had respiratory distress. Conclusion: Author concluded that physiological causes were main cause of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Prematurity and low birth weights were among aggravating factors for Jaundice. Therefore proper mother care is necessary to ensure child birth after 37 weeks to reduce the chances of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
Key words: Haemoglobin, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

 
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